Modern medicine makes it possible to diagnose many fetal anomalies during intrauterine development. The most common congenital anomalies are congenital heart defects (CHD). These are detected during pregnancy through fetal echocardiography (FE).

Fetal echocardiography uses ultrasound to examine the structure and function of the fetal heart. While the heart can be seen during routine gynecological ultrasound, it is fetal echocardiography—performed by a pediatric cardiologist—that provides a detailed and expert assessment of the fetal heart.

The risk of CHD is higher in some women, for whom specialized evaluation by a pediatric cardiologist is recommended. Risk groups include: family history of CHD (parents or children with CHD), heart rhythm disorders, anomalies of other organs found during routine gynecological examination, diabetes, medication use during early pregnancy, abnormal amniocentesis, miscarriage or stillbirth. The risk also increases with the parents’ age. However, in about 70% of cases of CHD, there is no known family history or risk factor. This is why fetal echocardiography is advisable for all pregnant women.

FE is best performed around the 20th gestational week (between 18 and 22 weeks) by a pediatric cardiologist certified in FE, who provides an expert evaluation of the fetal heart. FE focuses on the heart, and therefore the pediatric cardiologist may not detect anomalies in other organs or systems.

Fetal echocardiography detects structural heart defects (CHD), rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias), and heart function disorders. It’s important to note that some anomalies—such as minor valve lesions, small ventricular or atrial septal defects—may not be identified prenatally.

If a CHD is found, the parents, pediatric cardiologist, and obstetrician will discuss the prognosis and outcomes of the pregnancy. Sometimes follow-up examinations are necessary. Planning the location and method of delivery is especially important if heart surgery is expected.

When is fetal echocardiography recommended?

The examination is recommended by an obstetrician-gynecologist or fetal specialist in the following cases:

• Abnormal fetal heart activity detected during a routine examination
• Family history of congenital heart disease
• Maternal diabetes or autoimmune disorders
• Pregnancy achieved through IVF or considered high risk
• Infections during pregnancy (e.g., rubella, cytomegalovirus)
• Genetic abnormalities or concerns during biochemical or fetal screening
• Other organ anomalies identified during fetal morphology scan
• Heart murmur detected via fetal Doppler
• Multiple pregnancy

What does fetal echocardiography detect?

The examination provides detailed information about:

• The structure of heart chambers and valves
• The direction and rhythm of blood flow
• Possible congenital heart defects (stenoses, defects, arrhythmias)
• Heart rhythm disturbances
• Cardiac function and chamber size relationships
• Heart adaptation in high-risk conditions

Early detection of a cardiac anomaly allows for better birth planning, necessary medical care, and timely intervention after birth if required.

What to expect during the examination?

The examination is performed via abdominal ultrasound, in a lying position. It is painless and poses no risk to the mother or fetus. Duration depends on the baby’s position and the need for additional imaging. During the examination:

• The anatomy of the heart is analyzed in detail
• Cardiac structures are measured
• Heart rhythm and circulation are checked
• Doppler imaging is performed if needed

After the examination, parents receive detailed information about the results—clearly explained, with recommendations for possible follow-up.

Why choose “Heart Diagnostic Center”?

• Highly specialized examination performed by an experienced specialist
• Modern ultrasound equipment with excellent visualization
• Gentle and careful procedure suitable for every expectant mother
• Detailed written report and consultation in plain language
• Individual approach and sensitive care
• Option for referral to additional specialists if needed
• Calm and cozy environment without unnecessary stress

Fetal echocardiography is an important tool for assessing the baby’s health before birth. At “Heart Diagnostic Center,” we strive to provide accurate diagnostics, emotional support, and peace of mind for every family. Trust us in one of the most important moments of your life.

Book a fetal echocardiography appointment

If you have a referral for specialized testing or wish to gain additional reassurance about your baby’s heart condition, contact us. Book a fetal echocardiography appointment and rest assured that you are doing the best for your future little one.